Gynecology

A cell that stops dividing is not always inactive. In cellular senescence, a cell enters a long-term growth arrest, changes its gene activity, and can influence neighbouring cells through secreted signals. That mix of stillness and activity is why senescence matters in ageing, cancer biology, tissue repair, and chronic inflammation. A transcriptomic study connecting PLK3 expression with senescence adds another piece to this puzzle. The study does not prove that PLK3 causes se

A routine blood test can reveal more than one number at a time. In postmenopausal women, inflammation, blood sugar regulation, and triglyceride metabolism often shift together, shaping long-term risk in ways that are easy to miss when each marker is viewed alone. That is why the recent study on the C-reactive protein and triglyceride glucose index is so relevant. It examines whether a combined marker, often described as the CRP-TyG index, is linked with all-cause mortality in

A pathology report can hold a small but clinically valuable number that is easy to miss at scale: the weight of the uterus after surgery. For one patient, that value helps complete the clinical record. Across thousands of patients, it can support research on fibroids, adenomyosis, abnormal bleeding, surgical outcomes, and cancer care. The challenge is that pathology reports are written for human reading, not always for structured analysis. One report may list the value as “ut

A vaccine appointment can look like a simple health decision. For many women, it is rarely that simple. It may depend on who controls the household money, whether a clinic is seen as “appropriate” for young unmarried girls, whether a mother can leave work, whether an older woman believes her own health still matters, and whether family members support or question the choice. Vaccines protect people at every stage of life, but uptake does not happen in a vacuum. Gendered socia

A person who starts a GLP-1 medicine for diabetes or weight management may notice a change they did not expect: more regular cycles, improved ovulation, and a higher chance of pregnancy. At the same time, nausea, vomiting, or slower stomach emptying may raise practical questions about oral contraceptive pills. That intersection is becoming more common. GLP-1 medicines such as semaglutide, liraglutide, dulaglutide, and related drugs such as tirzepatide are now used for type 2

A woman can live for months with pelvic pain, bleeding after sex, vulval swelling, or infertility investigations before anyone mentions sarcoidosis. For many, the word has already appeared in another part of their medical file, often linked to the lungs, skin, eyes, or lymph nodes. Yet when symptoms arise in the genital tract, the connection may be missed. Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory condition in which clusters of immune cells, called granulomas, form in different organs.

Anaemia is one of the most common and preventable risk factors in benign gynaecologic surgery. When a patient enters the operating theatre with low haemoglobin, even routine blood loss can increase the chance of allogeneic blood transfusion, delayed recovery, fatigue, and longer hospital stay. That is why preoperative treatment of iron deficiency has become a key part of modern patient blood management. Recent research, including the linked study on benign gynaecologic surger

Leiomyomas are common, but their effects are rarely simple. One patient may have a small submucosal fibroid and severe bleeding. Another may have a large intramural fibroid and only mild pressure symptoms. A third may have no symptoms until infertility work-up reveals distortion of the uterine cavity. This variation is why modern leiomyoma care is moving away from a single diagnosis and towards a more precise clinical model. The best treatment plan connects four factors: fibr

A positive pregnancy event does not always end cleanly at the tissue level. After miscarriage, medical termination, delivery, or evacuation, some patients develop persistent bleeding linked to retained products of conception and unusually high blood flow in the uterine muscle. On ultrasound, this may be described as enhanced myometrial vascularity or an acquired uterine arteriovenous malformation. The clinical question is difficult: should clinicians remove the tissue, block

Refractory abnormal uterine bleeding is rarely a single-problem diagnosis. By the time endometrial ablation enters the discussion, many patients have already tried hormonal therapy, antifibrinolytics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, or repeated curettage. The clinical question is not simply whether bleeding can be reduced. It is whether the procedure can give durable control, avoid hysterectomy, and preserve safety in a carefully selected patient. A retrospective cohor

Hysteroscopic adhesiolysis remains the central treatment for intrauterine adhesions, but surgery alone does not solve the whole problem. The endometrium still has to heal, the uterine cavity must stay open, and recurrence needs to be prevented during a biologically vulnerable window. That is where adjunctive strategies matter. Current research is moving beyond a single successful hysteroscopic procedure toward a broader care pathway: careful prevention, cavity maintenance, en

Multiple perpetrator sexual assault is often discussed in brief, shocking terms. A seven-year retrospective review of sexual assault treatment unit cases shows why that is not enough. These cases tend to involve higher levels of fear, more complex injuries, greater forensic needs, and longer recovery pathways. They also demand a careful, coordinated response from healthcare providers. This article summarises the key patterns that such a review can reveal, with a focus on trea

A pelvic examination can be a routine clinical step for one person and a deeply distressing experience for another. For women with a history of sexual trauma, or those living with pain during vaginal touch, the examination room can carry fear long before the speculum appears. Cervical cancer screening saves lives. It can detect early changes before cancer develops, and in many settings it is done through Pap testing, HPV testing, visual inspection with acetic acid, or a combi

Blood loss remains one of the most important technical challenges in abdominal myomectomy. The operation aims to remove fibroids while preserving the uterus, but fibroids are often highly vascular, the myometrium bleeds readily, and distorted pelvic anatomy can make haemostasis difficult. Even in experienced hands, uncontrolled bleeding can increase operative stress, prolong surgery, raise transfusion risk, and, in severe cases, push the surgeon towards hysterectomy. Two comm

Fibroid surgery is often framed around bleeding, pain, fertility, uterine preservation, and recovery time. The linked study adds another layer that deserves attention: patients do not arrive at myomectomy and hysterectomy with the same cardiovascular risk profile. That matters because baseline risk can affect anaesthesia planning, perioperative complications, long-term health counselling, and how researchers interpret outcomes after surgery. If one surgical group starts with

For years, menopause hormone therapy has sat at the centre of a difficult clinical question: can it relieve distressing menopausal symptoms without raising cardiovascular risk? The joint position paper from the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics and the World Heart Federation brings that question into sharper focus, especially for women with hypertension, diabetes, obesity, dyslipidaemia, smoking history, or established ischemic heart disease. The message i

A single contraceptive injection can be convenient for months. A brain tumour risk, even a rare one, can quickly make that convenience feel more complicated. Recent research has raised a serious but nuanced question about depot medroxyprogesterone acetate, commonly known as DMPA, and the risk of intracranial meningioma. The finding does not mean everyone who has used the injection is in danger. It does mean patients and clinicians should discuss the duration of use, personal

Recurrence after loop electrosurgical excision procedure is a clinical signal that follow-up systems, pathology risk markers, and patient-level factors are as important as the excision itself. At Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, where cervical cancer prevention services serve a large referral population in northern Tanzania, this issue carries added weight: many patients present with advanced risk profiles, and loss to follow-up can turn a treatable precursor lesion into

Endometriosis mapping has moved beyond the question of whether disease is present. For patients with suspected ovarian and deep endometriosis, the clinical value lies in where the lesions are, how extensive they are, and whether they distort pelvic anatomy. Transvaginal ultrasound is well placed to answer these questions, provided the findings are reported in a structured way. The #Enzian system gives that structure. It translates ultrasound observations into a compartment-ba

Obesity care is changing because treatment is no longer limited to “eat less and move more” advice. For many people, weight gain is linked to biology, medicines, sleep, stress, food access, genetics, hormones, and long-term health conditions. NICE guidance reflects this more modern view by placing medicines such as semaglutide within a structured, specialist weight management plan rather than treating them as stand-alone solutions. This article is for information only and sho